INTRODUCTION Anemia remains a major global health problem, although a significant downward trend has been observed in recent years, thanks to preventive measures. Based on the analysis conducted in 2019, in 204 countries worldwide, it has been estimated that 1.8 billion people have anemia, with...

STABLE ANGINA PECTORIS The pathophysiological basis of myocardial ischemia lies in the inadequate balance between the supply of oxygenated blood to the myocardium and its demand for oxygen (Figure 1) [1]. Figure 1. Pathophysiological basis of ischemia and the sites of the action of...

INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, both in developed and developing countries of the world. Globally, every year, 17.9 million people die due to this type of pathology [1]. The main cause of life years lost, both globally and in every...

INTRODUCTION COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but with multiple extrapulmonary manifestations that can significantly affect further patient treatment and prognosis, which makes it a multisystemic disease with an unpredictable course and potentially...

INTRODUCTION Modern treatment of malignant diseases has significantly improved the prognosis and survival of hemato-oncology patients [1]. In the past forty years, the ten-year survival of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas has increased from 20% to over 65% [2]. In addition, malignant diseases...

INTRODUCTION Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent cardiac rhythm disturbance in clinical practice and is most commonly associated with coronary disease and hypertension. It is known, from relevant literature, that several classes of drugs (sympathomimetics, parasympathomimetics, and...

INTRODUCTION Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by cardiac symptoms (e.g., shortness of breath, leg swelling, and fatigue), which may be accompanied by signs (e.g., elevated jugular venous pressure, pulmonary crackles, and peripheral edema). HF occurs due to structural...

INTRODUCTION Stroke remains the second leading cause of mortality and, globally, represents the third most common combined cause of death and disability [1]. Furthermore, current projections indicate a continued increase in the incidence of this disease during the present decade, up to 2030,...

INTRODUCTION In December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, in China, the first cases of infection caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus were registered, and later on, the disease caused by this virus was named COVID-19 [1]. Shortly after this, on March 11th, 2020, the WHO characterized COVID-19 as a...

INTRODUCTION The concept of cardiotoxicity in the context of cancer treatment was first mentioned in the early 1970s [1]. In 2020, nearly 20 million new cancer cases were diagnosed worldwide, while approximately 10 million oncology patients died during the same year [2]. Over the past 30...

INTRODUCTION Globally, stroke remains the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of death and disability combined [1]. Projections also indicate that the incidence rate of ischemic stroke will increase among both genders across all age groups in low-income countries between...