INTRODUCTION  Fractures of the proximal tibia are complex injuries which involve damage to the osteal and soft tissue structures of the knee. They most commonly occur due to the impact of high intensity vertical force and/ or as the result of great valgus/varus stress in the knee joint....

INTRODUCTION Modern orthopedics is more and more frequently faced with the problem of treating bone defects of varying size and etiology. These defects occur in several ways and can be found as defects in various tumor-like lesions, after resection of parts of bone due to benign or malignant...

INTRODUCTION The upper extremities, especially hands, are body parts most commonly affected by injury [1]. It is estimated that a quarter of all injuries treated in the emergency department are related to the hand [2]. These injuries are usually seen in the young working age population employed...

Fracture of the distal end of the radius, in clinical practice commonly referred to as fractura radii in loco typico – although the more correct term is fractura radii in zona typica – is one of the most frequent fractures encountered by surgeons or traumatologists in their daily work. Its high...

INTRODUCTION Traffic-related trauma is one of the leading causes of death and injury worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 1.3 million people die annually in road traffic accidents, while between 20 and 50 million are injured. It is the eighth leading cause of...

INTRODUCTION Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic neurological disease with a prevalence of 5.4 – 26.2% per 100,000 people. It can be categorized into two subtypes, depending on the absence (CRPS I, previously known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy) or presence (CRPS II, previously...

INTRODUCTION Hip disarticulation and hemipelvectomy are surgical techniques of leg amputation, through the hip joint or through the pelvic bone, which entail removing the acetabulum along with the rest of the leg. Both are some of the most radical surgical procedures, not only in orthopedic, but...

INTRODUCTION Anatomically, the region of the wrist (Lat. carpus) consists of eight small bones connected by ligaments and joint capsules. The bones are arranged in two rows: the upper row consists of the scaphoid bone (Lat. os scaphoideum), the lunate bone (Lat. os lunate), the triquetral bone...

INTRODUCTION Globally, the incidence of hip fractures has had an increasing trend, due to longer life expectancy. It is estimated that, by 2050, it will have reached 6.26 million cases a year, which is an immense increase from 1.6 million cases a year, registered in 1990 [1]. It has been...

INTRODUCTION Osteoarthritis (or just arthritis), osteoarthrosis (arthrosis) and osteoarthropathy (arthropathy) are very common conditions which most orthopedic surgeons, rheumatologists and doctors of other specialties encounter daily in their practice. The use of all three terms is customary,...

INTRODUCTION Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of tumors and account for about 1% of all tumors in adults, and as many as up to 15% of tumors in children aged four years and younger [1,2]. In Europe, the total incidence for all localizations is 4 - 5/100,000, annually [3,4]....

INTRODUCTION Treating pelvic fracture is one of the greatest challenges in orthopedic surgery and traumatology. Pelvic fractures occur as the result of powerful force, primarily in traffic accidents (60%), in falls from height (30%), as well as in shooting and industrial accidents [1]. In a...

INTRODUCTION Fractures of the distal end of the clavicle account for 10% – 30% of all fractures of this bone, and are the second most common fractures, after diaphyseal fractures [1,2,3]. At the same time, they have the greatest frequency of non-unions and malunions – as many as 50% [1,4]. Neer...

INTRODUCTION The talus transfers the weight of the entire body to the foot, which is why it represents an important factor of stability and posture. The mechanism of talus fracture is primarily fall from height or a deceleration injury with the foot in dorsiflexion [1,2]. Talar neck fractures...

INTRODUCTION Tennis elbow, or lateral epicondylitis, is tendinopathy of the finger extensor muscles. This tendinopathy is most frequently found in tennis players. It was first described by Runge in 1873, and the term tennis elbow was first introduced into terminology by Major in 1883 [1,2]. He...

INTRODUCTION Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a common childhood hip disease, affecting approximately 0.8 in 100,000 children [1]. The disease was first described in 1910 by three scientists from three different countries, but its etiology and treatment modalities are still a matter of...

INTRODUCTION The number of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures shows a growing trend in orthopedic hospitals worldwide. It is expected that in the United States, the number of patients undergoing TKA will increase sevenfold from 2004 to 2030 [1]. Although TKA has a great to excellent...